The Idea Of Black Holes - 1913 Words

The universe is ever-changing and growing with new galaxies, stars, and planets being formed and destroyed every second. Scientists and astronomers are unable to track and monitor the millions and billions of miles of universe growing constantly. Our own galaxy of the Milky Way is in itself unable to be completely discovered, not even mentioning the galaxies yet to be found. Space is a large, mysterious entity that is full of new places and surprises and one of the most misunderstood phenomena in space are black holes. According to NASA, a black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light can not get out. They are packed full of more mass, which is the amount of matter in space, in an area as little as an atom or as large as a big city (Dunbar). Black holes stem from many theories all combined to explain the ever growing universe and its formation. The idea of black holes was first proposed and inspired by Albert Einstein’s Theory of Relativity in 1916 . Einstein bounced off of Planck’s Radiation Law that states that electromagnetic energy is emitted in waves, which is presented as heat and the waves change depending on the temperature. Einstein took this idea and proposed that radiation energy comes in packets not waves, as proposed before (Squires). Einstein expanded his ideas to create a new sect of physics and ideas about how the world works. Einstein’s theory states that the law of physics are the same for all observers not in motion andShow MoreRelatedBlack Holes And Its Effects On Society1253 Words   |  6 PagesSupermassive black holes are so mysterious when it comes to the knowledge we know about them. We still don’t know much about them and there will always be conspiracies about them, but we still need to find more information about them to understand more. Black holes are developed when a star’s core collapses and then mass is getting eaten by the core which leads to the star to die in a s upernova explosion. This can go two ways, one is that the star turns into a neutron star, and the second is it turnsRead MoreWhat is a Black Hole?803 Words   |  3 PagesBLACK HOLES Imagine this: no light, no sound, total pitch black darkness. Once you’re in this location, you can never leave. This is what most people envision when they think of a black hole. As for myself, I think of a super-sized vacuum cleaner and the text book confirms my analogy of a vacuum. The boundary of a black hole is called an event horizon and anything that crosses it gets trapped in the black hole (Fix, 2011, p. 489). Once the vacuum sucks an item up, it is gone forever, never to beRead MoreBlack Holes: Forces of Gravity Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieving black holes are the major precipice to these greater understandings. Black holes push and break many modern understandings of physics and time with many mysterious qualities. Insuppressible forces of nature, black holes, are a little understood entity in our universe with a strong influence on modern science. Despite modern culture and its influences on the unknown, a black hole is not a well understood concept even by the greatest of minds. Robert Prigo describes a black hole as â€Å"†¦ a regionRead MoreEssay on The Existence of Black Holes1308 Words   |  6 PagesThe Existence of Black Holes I have always had an interest in science, especially in the sciences regarding outer space. When I was younger I was always fascinated with rockets, and especially in stars. I have often regretted not pursuing this interest at its infancy. I do remember going to the Planetarium, and studying about a topic that I had seen talked about on television. The topic was black holes, and back then all that they knew was that they were black. The idea of a space in the universeRead More Black Holes Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesBlack Holes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every day we look into the night sky, wondering and dreaming what lies beyond our galaxy. Within our galaxy alone, there are millions upon millions of stars. This may be why it interests us to learn about all that we cannot see. Humans have known the existence of stars since they have had eyes, and see them as white glowing specks in the sky. The mystery lies beyond the white glowing specks we see but, in the things we cannot see in the night sky such as black holes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BeforeRead MoreUnderstanding Black Holes Essay1070 Words   |  5 Pagesthere is one object that stands to elude scientists still, the black hole. Albert Einstein, and all the brilliant scientists after his, help to design and create a part of the universe that’s very crucial to understanding existence. The perimeters of a black hole have been a great this that has been discussed and observed to the point where it eventually becomes clear as its compared to objects around or like it. The physics of the black holes existence is still unclear for it shows properties that supportRead MoreBlack Holes : A Black Hole926 Words   |  4 PagesBlack holes should probably not be called black holes. In fact, black holes are anything but empty space. Black holes are a great amount of matter packed and squeezed into a very small area. The result of this amount of matter squeezed into a small area results in a gravitational field so strong that nothing, not even lig ht, can escape. Scientists do not have the ability to directly observe black holes with telescopes that detect x-rays, light, or other forms of electromagnetic radiation. HoweverRead MoreEssay about Black Holes1025 Words   |  5 Pages Black Holes Within our galaxy alone, there are millions upon millions of stars. Within our universe, there are millions upon millions of galaxies. Humans have known the existance of stars since they have had eyes. Although interpretations may have differed on what they were, they were always thought of as white glowing specks in the sky, but the mystery does not lie within what we can see, but what we can not see. There are billions of stars lighting the darkness of our universe, but the questionRead MoreThe Wonderous Mystery of Black Holes1668 Words   |  7 Pagestheories helped predict that black holes actually occupy the universe vastly (Wiki authors). Because black holes are virtually invisible to the human eye, since not even light can escape their clutches, it is hard to understand something that can’t be seen or even assume it exists. Though the concept of black holes can be traced back to 1795, to Pierre Simon Laplace, who originally proposed the idea. It was Karl Schwarzchil d to be the first to start proving black holes exist from the research ofRead MoreA Brief History of Time Summary Essay1371 Words   |  6 Pagesprinciple, elementary particles and the forces of nature, black holes, and the origin and fate of the universe. The first chapter, our picture of the universe, Hawking gives a small amount of background information pertaining to how the current picture was developed. Aristotle, one of the first scientists to live on in infamy, believed the Earth was round; however, he also believed in a geocentric solar system. Ptolemy, agreeing with Aristotle’s ideas, created a planetary model describing the position

Elkhatib 9. Suzanne Elkhatib. Standardizing Academic Failure.

Elkhatib 9 Suzanne Elkhatib Standardizing Academic Failure In an effort to determine the quality of an educational institution, from the quality of the educators to the outcomes of the curriculum, standardized testing was introduced. The intention of evaluating the quality of education was to make certain that all students received an adequate education and that all educators were held accountable to their students. Extensive research was conducted to determine the criteria that would be evaluated including the types of learning outcomes that were expected for each grade level, what demographics information would be assessed, and how to rank the schools and educators based on the results. While much of this information has been gathered†¦show more content†¦In fact, â€Å"skeptics have begun to wonder if the effort to raise standards for all students through high-stakes testing initiatives has too steep a price, including a narrowing of the curriculum and a deemphasis on curricular depth, an abandonme nt of constructivist-type activities that give meaning to learning, and a curtailment of extracurricular activities† (Moon, Callahan, and Tomlinson 1). Limiting the educators’ autonomy prevents them from being able to evaluate the needs of each student and structure their classroom and lesson plans in a manner that will help all of the students to gain the best possible outcomes in their academic careers. Students have different styles of learning, varying family structures and support, as well as different interests that can all effect how they learn. Standardizing the classroom removes the educators’ abilities to use their training to address these differences. Notably, standardized testing was once used to provide educators with an additional tool in this process of individualizing the curriculum. Researcher, Alfie Kohn, notes that these tests were often used to determine what classroom a student should be placed in so that they could be matched with an educat or and curriculum that would help them to progress towards their next level of academic success rather than to be used as a ploy to hold them

Policy makers and implementers Free Essays

Between policy makers and policy implementers serve any useful function today in USA? Early donors to the expansion of public administration accredited a policy function for administrators that have often been overlooked yet the politics-administration dichotomy that is a fraction of the conventional archetype frequently incorporates the thoughts of accountability and responsibility– even though the archetype can be articulated in traditions that seem to prohibit these qualities by depicting administration as automatically instrumental–but the stress on a firm dichotomy of politics and administration will not lodge the policy responsibility of administrators that has come to be extensively renowned. There are several motives why the dichotomy design has continued. It is expedient to give details the separation of functions in conditions of entire separation as it is easier to elucidate than a model founded on sharing functions, predominantly because the partition model does not bound the genuine policy offerings of administrators in practice. We will write a custom essay sample on Policy makers and implementers or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the same moment, the dichotomy idea defends administrators from inquiry and provides the benefit of elected representatives who can pass liability for disliked resolutions to administrators. According to Miller (2000) sees dichotomy as a â€Å"helpful myth† for the reason that it difficult to understand the pressure of administrators to limit efforts by politicians in control to incline the accomplishment of policies and channel paybacks toward themselves. Fractional editions of the dichotomy continue. Researchers view the attempt to disconnect politics from administration as producing a dichotomy and tag the importance on hierarchy, authority, structure, and top-down accountability the Wilsonian ritual in public administration. There has been found reinterpreted dichotomy that allows a policy-making function for the executive but still assists managers oppose the forces of particularism. Recognizing that administrators disjointedly form policy behind the scenes resigned policy sway and hierarchy. (Van Riper, 2002) In addition, it should be documented that the notion of the firm dichotomy does have a chronological basis in the United States, yet it was not the normative model anticipated during the naissance period of American public administration. A finishing basis for the determination of the dichotomy is the deficiency of a substitute model. To keep away from slipping back into the observation that public administration commenced in dichotomy but stimulated into broader functions, it is accommodating to have a substitute understanding. There has been an embedded crucial model for political-administrative associations from the start, and this model is imperative for knowing the existing and prospect function of public administration. The complementarity of politics and administration is founded on the principle that elected officials and administrators adhere together in the frequent pursuit of sound governance. Complementarities involve split fractions, but fractions that approach together in a reciprocally compassionate manner. One supports the other to generate a complete. Complementarity influences interdependence alongside separate functions; conformity along with sovereignty; admiration for political control along with an assurance to form and execute policy in ways that endorse the public concern; reverence to elected incumbents along with obedience to the law and maintain just electoral antagonism; and positive reception of politics along with support for proficient values. The concern is not whether public administrators are â€Å"influential or usurpative† (Friedrich, 2004)–the regular dichotomy against non-dichotomy choices–but how they are both mechanized and donors to the political progression, that is, involved and constitutive. Complementarity involves enduring contact, mutual sway, and mutual reverence between chosen officials and administrators. Administrators assist to figure policy, and they present it precise content and connotation in the procedure of execution. Chosen officials watch over execution, investigate explicit criticism about reduced recital, and effort to correct troubles with presentation through fine-tuning. Privatization through constricting out breaks the discussion and substitutes it with agreement requirement and fulfillment reports. Paradoxically, constricting out intimately approximates the stipulations of the dichotomy model, as do recital indentures, and highlights an essential restriction in this sort of approach. if not it is aloof for services that can be suitably distinct without ongoing extensive based administrative contribution and properly conveyed without unremitting political omission, the firm separation of policy makers and service deliverers can inferior the superior ity of governance. In disparity, with broad relations, the information and values of those who do the continuing job of government harmonize the acquaintance and values of those who eventually set the route for government and make certain that it stays on track. The complementarity of politics and administration clutches that elected officials and administrators–both in ordinary contact with citizens– require and facilitate each other in a corporation for governance. Dividing the cohorts or distorting the association in one way or the other means that a main donation is absent. If one persists to acknowledge the straightforward notion that public administration commenced as disconnect influential body restricted to a contracted sphere of activity, one does damage to the precedent and one dashes the jeopardy of legitimizing a proper dichotomy of policy configuration and constricted service delivery. References Friedrich, C. J. 2004. Public Policy and the Nature of Administrative Responsibility. Public Policy 1: 1-24. Miller, Gary. 2000. Above Politics: Credible Commitment and Efficiency in the Design of Public Agencies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10(2): 289-327. Van Riper, Paul P. 2002. The Politics-Administration Dichotomy: Concept or Reality? In Politics and Administration: Woodrow Wilson and American Public Administration, edited by Jack Rabin and James S. Bowman, 203-18. New York: Marcel Dekker. How to cite Policy makers and implementers, Essay examples

Risk of Cyber Security in the Business-Free-Sample for Students

Question: Discuss about the Challenges in Cyber Security for Business. Answer: Introduction The literature review is the section which provides the secondary data details on the topic of research. The topic of research is Challenges in Cyber Security for Business for which different sources have been used to gain information and data. By Cyber Security we mean the protection of the valuable information and intellectual property of business which is in digital form from theft and misuse. Cyber security is an issue which is increasing in the todays global businesses. As per the US Government, Cyber security is one of the most critical ad serious issues which the businesses are facing these days. This challenge is faced by almost every country these days as the technology is growing and evolving. The coming age of Big Data, Internet of things and automation, the risk of Cyber security is increasing (Pandey, et al., 2016). Project Objective The main objective of the project is to identify the causes and factors which lead to the risk of Cyber security in the businesses. One more objective is to find out what cyber security challenges are present in the businesses. Project Scope The scope of the project is wide. It is because the topic of the research is one of the most critical issues the businesses are facing these days and there is lot to discuss on the topic. The literature review will include various real life examples to set up a clear understanding on the topic. The various forms of challenges and the causes of the same will be discussed by going through various journals, articles and web sources Literature Review AS the globalisation is evolving, majority of risks to business are seen due to technology. Cyber security has become a major challenge for the businesses and is growing at an alarming rate. There are different types of cyber threats like malicious attacks, attacks on networks and network abuse (Choo, 2011). Cyber security can be termed as the techniques used for the protection of businesses and computer systems from the unauthorised access and other cyber threats. As the cyber threats are increasing, the companies should adopt the approaches which help them in fighting with the complexity of the threats. Cyber security is a big issue because it has dramatically strengthened itself in past few years (Hutchings, 2012). According to Kaplan, Sharma Weinberg (2011) 46 per cent of the population of world is connected to internet which increases the chances of threats and cybercrime. Cyber security is a bigger issue now and it has been proved by conducting research on 25 global companies and the results shows so. The research found four common trends which includes that the digital data has become more widespread. It is also found that the corporations are now more open as compared to before. It also shows that the supply chains now are interconnected and that is how the attacks on technology are increasing. While technology is helping businesses to bring innovations in business, it is also creating so many threats for the businesses. The cyber security in business faces many risks in present business environment which are explained below: Ransomware It is the latest risk which prevents the users from accessing the significant information on their systems until they make a payment to the cyber criminals. The criminals tried to make more money once they were able to attack a user. The Internet of Things (IOT) The cyber criminals could make an access to the sensitive information contained by the user in their systems and this is a major privacy threat to the users. As per McAfee Labs 2017 Threats Predictions, around 1.78 million of devices will be in the hands of consumers and it will give more chances to hacking (Barclay Simpson, 2017). Social Engineering Social engineering involves manipulating the individuals to reveal their significant data and the information through the techniques of phishing. As per the data in recent year, these incidents have increased by 65% in 2016 as compared to 2015. Mobile Malware As the mobile usage is increasing day by day for the business tasks, there is more opportunity given to the cyber criminals to identify the weaknesses in the technology. As per the Kaspersky Lab, the attacks of mobile malware have tripled between the years 2015 and 2016. Fake Advertisements and Feedbacks The consumers nowadays are getting lots of advertisements at online platforms in which most of them are fake. These are phishing activities which affect the businesses and the consumer security measures (Barclay Simpson, 2017). In the opinion of Elmaghraby and Losavio (2014), many challenges are emerging due to the excessive use of technology. There are many instruments which are used in the businesses nowadays for making their operations easier but in return they face concerns such as privacy and this may affect their routine operations. Similar to this Tiwari, Bhalla Rawat (2016) suggests that Cybercrime has become inescapable because the sharing of networks and information has become so common in businesses. Cyber security is a mechanism which protect the computer systems and equipments from the unauthorised access. This will have positive impact on society and businesses. The typical cyber threats by which the business should be aware of includes Botnets, Malwares, Hacking, Phishing, Spam, Virus, Worms, etc. The author adds that Cybercrime have severe disruption in the businesses. It is a crime against business (Nojeim, 2010). Cyber security is when the properties or information of businesses are protected from the thefts and risks. Cyber security also provides some of the prevention tips to save itself from cybercrime. The users are advised to keep the defence systems up to date and to make sure that the systems are safe and secure. The users are advised to choose strong passwords and have security checks at regular intervals. The unfamiliar mails should not be touched and safe browsing should be encouraged. It can be said that in the modern era where technology plays a main role, cybersecurity is encouraged to have security from the cybercrime. Security has become a major concern and it should be taken as an integral part of the industry (Basamh, Qudaih and Ibrahim, 2014). In the opinion of Deore Waghmare (2016), Security of cyber information has become one of the greatest challenges across the world. Internet nowadays is used in almost each and every industry like ecommerce, communications, finance, banking and many more and this increases the chances of cyber-attacks for stealing the important data and information. Cyber security plays an important role in the ongoing development of IT. The cyber security faces number of challenges in fighting with the cybercrime. One of the main challenges is heavy dependency on Internet and Communications technology (ICT). ICT is nowadays used in businesses on a large scale and is a part of everyday life. This gives more chances to the attacks on the networks and infrastructures. The second challenge can be the increase in the number of users (Abomhara, 2015). As the popularity of internet is growing, the users are increasing cross the world and the number of targets for the attackers is also increasing. The third challenge is availability of devices and access to those devices. If an offense is to be committed it needs devices for the purpose. Software tools are available easily which contributes in promoting the cybercrime. This encourages the criminals to commit such crimes. The next challenge can be the availability of information. There is millions of webpages on the internet and it contains updated information. So the offend er targets the ones which have weak password protection systems and access the information. That information might be used for the wrong purposes which could cause serious security issues to the business. Another challenge is lack of mechanisms of control. In every communication network, there is a need of central administration to ensure the operability. There is a need of laws, governance and standards which can have certain degree of control on the networks. The international dimensions of the business also create a challenge for the security of information and networks. This affects the cyber security in different nations (Wright, Dawson and Omar, 2012). Automation is a challenge for the cyber security of business. ICT has the ability to automate the processes and it also has many consequences. Automation can provide opportunity to the offenders to send spams in bulk and attack thousands of the systems in hours. Spams may be a serious issue in the developing countries and many victims can be created. Availability of resources and speed of data and exchange. The speed of data exchange has led to the fastest exchange of cybercrime. It takes few seconds for the criminals to exchange emails and viruses. Another challenge is anonymous communication where the origin of communication is not known. Because of this, the identity of the offenders is difficult to make. Like they can use fake email ids and offend the privacy of the secure information (Clemente, 2013). As per Babate, et al. (2015), the lack of leadership is also considered as one of the major challenges of cyber security. Security is maintained when there is a trust maintained between technology and people using it. So, leadership is needed to handle the challenges and issues occurring because of technology and people. Collaboration needs to be maintained which helps in meeting challenges of cyber security. People are needed to be educated so that the security can be maintained by the cyber security cells. It is seen that the people are not getting enrolled in the courses of cyber security which is creating more challenges. When people will be educated in this course, they will be able to handle the issues of the industry of Australia. The cyber-attacks have been increased in the last few years and for that a framework needs to be created. This framework should include the roadmap which could bee adopted to fight the challenge of fighting the cybercrime. There are some of the long term challenges which affect the cyber security efforts taken by the industry (Fischer, 2016). These challenges include the lack of proper designs of security systems, the lack of incentives which are given to the cyber criminals. That is why; they look out for an easier option and go for cybercrime. Also the lack of consensus from all the stakeholders creates problems for the cyber security cells (Gharibi and Shaabi, 2012). Government has taken various steps to meet the challenges of cybercrime. These include the monitoring systems and security of network. The government have taken steps like drafting the cyber security law for facing the risks of cybercrime. The plans are made to design the approaches to meet these risks. Different countries take different steps to meet the challenges like China has made cyber security laws while US, reforms are developed to improve cyber security. In the corporate world, the condition of cybercrime is getting worse year by year but the steps are planned to be taken to get over this. US have increased their budget of cyber security by 35% which shows that the problem is increasing and will continue in the coming years (James, 2016). As per James (2016), the businesses, government and individuals should double their protection of cybercrime. The average cost of a cybercrime attack is approx. $276000. In USA, it costs approx. $100 billion per year. People lack in knowled ge about cyber security which increases the risks gradually. There are 1404 cyber security vendors in the world and Australia have only 15 out of them whereas the other countries like UK, USA, India, Israel have 76, 827, 41 and 228 cyber security vendors respectively. As per the data given by McAfee 2016 Threat Predictions, in the next five years the volume and type of personal information which is tracked and stored will change. The autonomous systems are the next technology which integrates with operating technology and blend together to solve the issues of cyber security. According to Foreshew (2017), the businesses of Australia are facing the cyber security crisis as there is not enough staff with expertise to face the threats. So, the demand for the cyber security specialists is at peak. This is a real challenge to meet this demand. There is also problem of funding. Where on one other the other countries like USA is spending more than US$200 million on RD investment for cyber security, Australia is lacking in this area. It is currently spending less than $100 million for the same. For cyber security research, the nation could spend and invest more. There is also weak collaboration between the research and industry. Only 3% of the businesses collaborate with the universities and with other research institutes. The situation in the Australian Cyber security industry is Ambiguous. The industry of cyber security is getting funds from the corporations like Common wealth Bank of Australia, Telstra, Optus and more. The government also invests in developing the Australian Cyber Security Research Institute (ACSRI) which provides RD facilities across Australia. There are some universities as well which in collaboration with companies and government helps in developing the cyber security industry of the country (Foreshew, 2017). In Australia, Cyber security is important to be taken seriously as the use of information systems, networks and Internet is more and government should come up with better control systems to meet these challenges. In this, every stakeholder has to play their roles. These include the companies, government and individuals. The individuals should handle the data well at the workplace while the companies should take effective measures for the security of data. They should provide trainings to their workers to handle data well. The government should make regulations and laws which can be proved effective in managing the security of the business (Foreshew, 2017). Conclusion It can be concluded that many techniques and softwares have been developed for handling the cybercrime. For the privacy of data and information of the businesses, cyber security measures have been adopted and the challenges to these measures have been discussed in the literature which is collected through various sources. The literature explains different types of challenges and what all steps different countries are taking to meet these challenges. It is concluded that Energy, Banking and Communications were the top three targets of cyber criminals. But there are opportunities in the coming year as the awareness has been increased for cybercrime. The industry is employing more people for meet the challenges and resolve the issues. It can also be concluded that there are some pillars of cyber security which can resolve the issues of the same. It includes Education and awareness about the matter, planning and preparation about the same in advance, sharing and collaboration to meet the current and future risks and Ethics Collaboration to have professional field of expert. Cyber security is important to the economic future of the country and for the society as well. As thee economy and society will get developed, the cyber security will become more significant to be developed. Good cyber policy is required for the cooperation and creativity in the industry. References Abomhara, M Koien, G M 2015, Cyber Security and the Internet of Things: Vulnerabilities, Threats, Intruders and Attacks, Department of Information and Communication Technology. Abomhara, M 2015, Cyber security and the internet of things: vulnerabilities, threats, intruders and attacks,Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility,4(1), pp.65-88. Australian Cyber Security Growth Network, 2017, Cyber Security Sector Competitiveness Plan. Retrieved from https://www.acsgn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Cyber-Security-SCP-April2017.pdf. Babate, A I, Musa, M A, Kida, A M Saidu, M K 2015, State of Cyber Security: Emerging Threats Landscape, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1. Barclay Simpson, 2017, The top 10 cyber security challenges for businesses, Retrieved from https://www.barclaysimpson.com/news/the-top-10-cyber-security-challenges-for-businesses-news-801833525. Basamh, S S, Qudaih, H A and Ibrahim, J 2014, An overview on cyber security awareness in Muslim countries,International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research,4(1), pp.21-24. Choo, K K R 2011, The cyber threat landscape: Challenges and future research directions,Computers Security,30(8), pp.719-731. Clemente, D., 2013,Cyber security and global interdependence: what is critical?. Chatham House, Royal Institute of International Affairs. Deore, U D Waghmare, V 2016, A Literature Review on Cyber Security Automation for Controlling Distributed Data, International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 2. Elmaghraby, A S and Losavio, M M 2014, Cyber security challenges in Smart Cities: Safety, security and privacy,Journal of advanced research,5(4), pp.491-497. Fischer, E A 2016, Cybersecurity Issues and Challenges: In Brief, Congressional Research Service. Foreshew, J 2017, Australia faces cyber security skills crisis as challenge, Financial Review. Gharibi, W and Shaabi, M 2012, Cyber threats in social networking websites,arXiv preprint arXiv:1202.2420. Hutchings, A 2012, Computer security threats faced by small businesses in Australia, Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, (433), p.1. James, C 2016, Cybersecurity: Threats Challenges Opportunities, ACS. Kaplan, J, Sharma, S Weinberg, A 2011, Meeting the cybersecurity challenge, McKinsey Company. Nojeim, G T 2010, Cybersecurity and Freedom on the Internet,J. Nat'l Sec. L. Pol'y,4, p.119. Pandey, S, Shah, N, Sharma, A and Farik, M 2016, Cybersecurity Situation In Fiji,International Journal of Scientific Technology Research,5(7), pp.215-219. Tiwari, S, Bhalla, A Rawat, R 2016, Cyber Crime and Security, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 6, Issue 4. Wright, J, Dawson, M E and Omar, M 2012, Cyber security and mobile threats: The need for antivirus applications for smart phones,Journal of Information Systems Technology and Planning,5(14), pp.40-60.

Ask Most Americans Who Jean-Paul Sartre Is And You Will Most Likely Ge

Ask most Americans who Jean-Paul Sartre is and you will most likely get a frowned look. According to journalist, Richard Eyre, in this country, Sartre is perhaps as unfashionable as loon pants. That is in part because Sartre, albeit a great French philosopher, didn't have a poster status. Sartre was not a particularly attractive man and although he was the darling of the 60's in all of Europe, his pipe, glasses and an air of bad temper kept him off walls that celebrated the Brigitte Bardots and the James Deans. Furthermore, Sartre was not always an easy man to understand. His writings are not particularly fanciful and he doesn't necessarily care to engage the reader by painting pretty pictures of life or of a utopian society. He engages the reader by making him think ? think about his existence, his reason for being, his freedom and his obligations. If anything, Sartre's novels and plays are bold and interesting because they are filled with metaphors and sheer audacity. They are generous with spirits and almost always contain a message. Sartre was not evasive, condescending or self-righteous, he has always maintained that his audience was free to perceive him and his work as they saw fit ? Simply put, he had ideas and he communicated them. Sartre was an existentialist - He believed that: First, man exists Turns up, appears on the scene, And only afterwards, defines himself. What does it all mean? It means that Sartre was an investigator as well as an observer. He was concerned was with: - How we live and why we live He was also concerned with: - Our disposition to evade responsibility and to lie to ourselves He believed that: - Human freedom did not lie in the impudence or boldness of our actions but in the responsibility we took for them Sartre died twenty years ago at age seventy-five. Currently, he is receiving a lot attention and press due mainly to the fact that famous French author, Bernard-Henry L?vy has written a rather controversial book about Sartre's life. Also, I was delighted to have found an article in the December issue of Talk Magazine about Sartre ? it is not only appropriate but very timely since I am writing a paper about Sartre and his literary contributions. I am like the idea that Sartre might become popular in America ? that his name will no longer sound so arcane or esoteric. I am glad to see that Sartre is not forgotten and that even after his death, he is being celebrated for his works, his courageous positions on the Algerian and Vietnam wars, his work on behalf of the oppressed, his stance against communism and his gutsy appearances at student demonstrations in Paris. At age 13, I read my first play by Sartre called Huis Clos (No Exit) ? it fascinated me. It was about a philosophical game, which told the story of a diabolical lesbian, a spoiled society woman and a cowardly journalist who found themselves trapped in Hell. They were held captive in a single room in which they eternally tormented one another with the awareness of their delusions and their failures as human beings. In the end, they came to the realization that there was no need for red-hot flames. Hell was ---other people! Although Sartre meant that hell was other people, he also meant that ultimately our egos could not withstand or bear the presence of another ego. I went on to read many other plays and two novels by Sartre but I have never had to study or analyze him or his works. I was surprised to learn that: - He never married his long time friend and philosopher Simone de Beauvoir, with whom he later founded a quarterly journal/newspaper. - They had an open relationship during which time, they had "other" affairs. - He had an adopted daughter. - He was anti-bourgeois - He rejected Nobel Prize for literature just because.....he felt the whole affair was too bourgeois. - He was a member of the French army and was captured by the Germans during world war II and repatriated a year later Although most people associate him with the existentialist movement, Sartre is also a novelist, essayist, playwright, biographer, philosopher, and political intellectual and engaged activist. Sartre is, in fact, one of

The American and French Revolutions essays

The American and French Revolutions essays Of the two revolutions, I think the American Revolution captured the essence of freedom, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in more ways than the French Revolution. It is tough to actually define what freedom, liberty and happiness truly are. As time has told, all three terms have had different implications throughout the course of history. That set aside, when they are taken for their simplest definition, America proudly supports them all. The French looked to the Americans for the freedom, liberty, and happiness they successfully fought for from 1775 to 1789. Not only was the creation of the Declaration of Independence an exciting and fascinating political document, it was an initial step for Americans in their pursuit for happiness. The American Revolution was conservative and defensive in that its demands were for the traditional liberties of English citizens; Americans were united against the British, but otherwise they were a satisfied people, not torn by internal conflict (John P. McKay, et. al. page 693). Furthermore, the people of the colonies never really developed a social class hierarchy. With that being said, happiness was weaved into the colonists lives merely because they were a united people fighting from Great Britains economic hold on them. I do not think the French Revolution achieved such a level of happiness for a few main reasons. First, many more lives were lost and more blood was shed. Second, the French had to alter their entire way of life their government, economy, politics, etc. Third, in only a couple years, they tried to accomplish what the Americans achieved over the course of many. The French Revolution was a much more violent revolution than that in America. I think the French felt the horror and devastating effects of their revolution long before they felt it was a pursuit to happiness. Two important political documents resulted fro...

An application for funds from NORAD foreign aid program Essay

An application for funds from NORAD foreign aid program - Essay Example The focus in this paper is in the Southern Sudan, the newest state in East Africa. Having gained independence from the north last year, the country has numerous challenges to address. One of the main challenges the country faces is a lack of capacity to provide its people with clean water. The country lies in the sub-Saharan region where water scarcity has prevailed for a long time now. In addition, the country lacks the financial capacity to run projects that can ensure that every individual has access to clean drinking water. According to the latest statistics, only 37% of the Sudanese population is lucky enough to access clean water. The rest of the population must trek for long distances in order to find a water source. Since the precious resource is very scarce, 63% of people living in south Sudan rely on water that does not meet the World Health Organization’s standards for clean drinking water. These people result to using this water because they lack a choice.   The fact that the water is unclean for human consumption presents new challenges for the country. The susceptibility of water-borne diseases has been increasing. Diseases such as cholera, guinea worm, and typhoid are becoming an everyday case in South Sudan. Provision of clean and safe drinking water is a leading priority in the globe today. It is unfortunate that approximately 6 out of 10 people from south Sudan lack access to a basic resource.   Women and girls have to make long treks before getting a reliable water source. The scarcity of water has led to numerous detrimental effects. As described above, the country must battle with multiple diseases that result from unsafe drinking water. These diseases cost the government a lot in the health sector. In addition, it increases the mortality rate among children and adults. In a globe that commits itself to reducing to increasing life expectancy, the low life expectancy in children is a sad irony for the country. Future prospects predict that the higher percentage of children born today will not live to see the next five years. Without access to water, sanitation deteriorates and the reality of this is evident in Sudan, where sanitation levels are very low. The world water statistics mentioned the sub-Saharan region as the worst affected by water scarcity and low standards of sanitation (UNEP 195). In addition, the same report indicates that the region registers high mortality rates. These statistics also highlight a leading cause of deaths in southern S udan, diarrhea. South Sudan accounts for a great percentage of the 2.2 million deaths resulting from diarrhea. The cause of diarrhea is significantly due the use of unclean drinking water. Current Projects Currently, south Sudan has numerous projects under way in a bid to provide water for the people. Although south Sudan gained independence last year, it realizes the enormous challenges that lay ahead (Dagne 14). Despite the limited financial capacity, it has been making steps towards the provision of solutions to the water challenge. The government realizes that it cannot stand alone and has sought the financial and technological aid from other countries. Financial challenges have denied South Sudan the opportunity to provide water to its people. The government cannot afford the machinery necessary for the process. In addition, the country lacks trained personnel that would operate the machinery even if it were available. Therefore, the country can only rely on foreign machinery and personnel in most of its contracts. The ongoing projects have focused on drilling boreholes that have been the only available source of water for most of the people. In addition, these boreholes account for the 37% population mentioned as

Integrated Marketing Communications Strategy Assignment

Integrated Marketing Communications Strategy - Assignment Example We target males and females ageing between 13 to 21 in eastern Canada. In order to create awareness and drive sales for our product, we need to create an integrated marketing communication strategy. Body Integrated marketing communication strategy refers to coordinating and integrating various communication channels of the company in order to deliver a consistent, clear, compelling message about the company and its products. It refers to recognize all such touch points where the customer can encounter the company and its brands. Each contact with the brand will give a message, good, bad or indifferent. The company will want to deliver a positive and consistent message with each of the contacts. It will lead to total marketing communication strategy which will aim at building stronger relationships with customer by showing how the customers can get help to solve their problems from the company and its products. The integrated marketing communication strategy will make a tie of the com pany’s images and messages. A blended mix of the promotion tools can be used for promoting our company’s products. It can be advertising, personal selling, public relations, direct marketing and sales promotion. Now a day, customers get bombarded with the messages of company from all directions. The company’s print advertisement and television will have the same look, message; feel similar to its personal selling communication and email. The material of its public relation will project the same image like its social network presence and website. Under the plan of overall marketing communication unique roles played by different media must be coordinated carefully by the company in order to attract, inform and persuade consumers. It must coordinate all the touch points of customers for ensuring clear brand messages. Provided with a marketing budget of $1million for 6 month period, different kind of promotion tool can be used according to the following allocation: Advertising $0.40 million, personal selling $0.20 million, public relation $ 0.18 million, direct marketing $0.10 million, sales promotion $0.12 million. More spending should be made towards advertising as advertising is a very good form of informing and persuading customers about a company’s products. It is a paid form of non personal promotion and presentation of goods, services and ideas by an identified sponsor. Advertising can be informative, persuasive and reminder. Creating an advertising strategy needs two major elements. It consists of creating advertising messages and selecting a media for advertisement. Public relation is another promotion tool which aims at building good relations with various publics of company by building up a good corporate image, obtaining publicity, handling off unfavorable stories, rumors and events. Several tools can be used for public relation like news, speeches, special events, written materials, audiovisual materials, corporate identity materials, public service activities, marketing campaigns and social networking processes. Personal selling is an interpersonal arm of promotional mix. Through the process of personal selling, the sales people of a company communicate and create customer value through personal interaction with the customers. It is a form of personal presentation by the sales force of firm for the purpose of boosting up sales and to build relationship with

An investigation of the support newly qualified radiographers receive Essay

An investigation of the support newly qualified radiographers receive towards developing their CPD (continue professional development) in united kingdom - Essay Example While the desire and opportunity to develop learning and reflection from the practice take a back seat (Brown 2009). SOR (Society of Radiographers) clearly found that unlike CPD resource support to other health care workers, radiographers are not placed well. Hence post registration skill development has remained little, if any. But the role extension has been taken as common practice during the duration of service so radiographers too have moved up to clinical practice and higher academics and research (Henwood 2003). However, if the radiographers plan to remain in practice, then also CPD helps in achieving supervisory and/or specialist positions. Achieving higher positions is a biggest incentive for a radiographer to undertake CPD even if he has to arrange for it on his own. Due to work pressures however employers are reluctant to release staff for CPD (Brown, 2009). The radiography is considered a career with monotony and routine work, heavy workload with little credit and family consideration by the school students (Coombs et al, 2003). Moreover lack of clarity of a programme makes radiographe r reluctant to go for it. The present article attempts to critically evaluate the various CPD options available to radiographers for job satisfaction and career advancement. It has been clearly indicated by Department of Health (as cited in O'Donoghue, 2006, p92) allied health services personnel must regularly update their knowledge through CPD. Its working together-learning together document emphasised the need stating it necessary for improved patient care and better opportunities for professionals. The e-earning is preferred by higher education funding in UK since professionals can update knowledge without loss of time. The Society of Radiographers (SOR) has emphasised need for CPD, despite initial apprehension about its effectiveness. It has stated that radiographers "must maintain and strive to improve their professional knowledge and competence'... Every patient is entitled to be cared for by radiographers with relevant and up-to-date skills and expertise. Therefore all radiographers must undertake lifelong learning and will keep a record of their ongoing development activities... The Society and college considers that CPD, lifelong learning, peri odic appraisal and revalidation must be compulsory to ensure and maintain competence, as well as enabling radiographers to gain knowledge and competencies outside their scope of practice" (SOR 2009, p1). The radiographers' professional and other bodies thought of CPD when some efforts by NHS to appoint non-medical consultants did not succeed fully as there was lack of appropriately qualified and experienced consultants. Moreover, the clinical and educational pathways to prepare potential consultants are also ill defined (Hardy & Snaith, 2007). The study necessitates upgrading the basic training in radiography to make subsequent CPD effective. Cherry and Duxbury (1998) have felt that in spite of training at higher educational institutions i.e universities, the radiographers are equipped only with basic competences. The half life of this knowledge is only 2-5 years so it can not provide the competency for life time. It is more so in these times considering the rapid technology changes.

EU’s Adoption of IFRS

EU’s Adoption of IFRS Introduction From 1st January 2005, all European countries are required under EU law to use the IFRS[1]standards for their financial reporting statements, which includes corporations domiciled within the UK (Nobes and Parker, 2006, p.103). This applies to all year-ends that complete after that date. In addition to this requirement, it is a requirement of the standards that, for comparison purposes, the previous year financial included within the statements must be recomputed to reflect a true IFRS position. The main proposals for these standards and their first year usage are contained within IFRS 1. The change of standards has had a significant impact upon financial reporting in the UK. Therefore the intention of this paper is to discuss why the EU felt it necessary to adopt the IFRS; provide an understand of the IFRS main goals and to ascertain the areas in which this has affected the UK reporting methods, outlining the key areas of change by comparing them to the previous financial reporting methods used. Adoption of IFRS by the EU In previous books (published in 1998 and before), Nobes and Parker (2006) discussed the Varity of different standards that were being operated within the member states of Europe, including those that have converted to capitalism from the former communist bloc, which included countries such as Poland and Romania. These differences have been determined by the political and capitalist attitudes of individual nations and can be separated into two main groups, those where markets and reporting is driven by the state, with weak equity markets, and those driven by business, where the equity market is strong. It has long been accepted that the differing financial reporting standards that have existed in the past has led to difficulties, particular in terms of international trade and financing (Gregoriou and Gaber 2006, p.460). The EU recognised that, within its own region, this was affecting the flow of capital and finance between member states. In an attempt to address this issue, the commission sought to achieve harmonisation through raising legislation and regulations. However, when these failed to work, somewhat reluctantly the commission then changed its position and became an active supporter of the US dominated IFRS standards (Nobes and Parker 2006, p.105). IFRS standards have become increasing accepted as an international method of financial reporting, primarily because of its benefits in improving the globalisation of trade and financial activities, which will become less complex. In addition to the US, an ever-increasing number of countries have adopted IFRS, thus it was only a matter of time before the EU acquiesced. The intention is to move towards a system of fairer values (Bruce 2004), and to make the EU as a regional and international trading bloc far more competitive. However, the EU adoption of the standards, intended to be relatively straightforward, was not without difficulties (Bruce 2004). In the initial stages there were areas of dispute and, in particular, parts of the standards that the EU would not accept, for example IFRS 39 the standard that deals with â€Å"fair value†, although this has recently been adopted in a limited form. Furthermore, despite IFRS, differences between the financial reporting methods used in Europe still exist (Nobes and Parker (2006, p.19). Nevertheless, in view of the pressure from a number of stakeholders, it is inevitable that the impact of individual national standards will continue to be eroded in favour of a globally recognised system (Nobes and Parker 2006, p.13) Executive summary of IFRS IFRS 1, the mainstay of the standards has seen two amendments, the latest implemented in January 2007, although most of these have not affected the underlying core focus of the standards. Whilst each standard has a defined objective, there are a number of overall goals embodied within the process. Objectives The key focus and goal of the International Financial Reporting Standards is to achieve a position where, globally, one system will be seen to be the norm and form the basis upon which all trade, capital and financially motivated decisions in the international marketplace will be relied upon. The intention is that, through the acceptance of these standards, existing investment barriers will cease to exist as well, which will improve capital market performance. Furthermore, it is intended to promote reliable system of universal accuracy and comparability, together with a method that will ensure a standard model for corporate governance that can be referred to equally by all stakeholders, whether they are involved with the corporation or not. It is stated that the improvement to the reporting processes will also develop management data and lead to reduction of risk Individually, the standards have their own goals. For example, IAS 1.7 focuses on the presentation of the financial statements and Cash Flow in a manner that is understandable to everyone. Similarly, the objective of IFRS 7 are to ensure that corporate management discloses all information that has had an impact upon the business during the year covered within the financial statements. In particularly, emphasis is placed upon the accuracy of the corporate balance sheets, cash flows, as these are the areas where historically, as has been evidenced in cases such as Enron, and WorldCom, significant issues of financial stability arose, causing the loss of millions of jobs and investment monies. Achieving reliability within these areas is one of the fundamental goals of IFRS. Once of the main difficulties that arose with previous standards was the method of accounting for value, particularly with respect to assets and other balance sheet items. This situation was exacerbated in situations of the increasing incidence of mergers and acquisitions. Where a corporation takes over or merges with another, the cost of such a move, known as the goodwill payment, under the â€Å"historical cost convention† would be reflected in the balance sheet as the current value. However, goodwill is not a tangible asset in the sense that one can physically touch or use it. Its value will fluctuate in accordance with market determinates. Under the IFRS system items such as goodwill have to be accounted for in respect of the â€Å"fair value† at the time of the statements. Therefore, the core objective is that the statements reflect a realisable value rather than one that may have been eroded over time. To ensure that the financial statements of individual corporations reflected these objectives, IFRS also requires officers of the company and external experts to warrant that all the statements made, and financial information provided within the statements have been prepared in accordance with those objectives. The process of measurement is another key factor within the reporting standards. Here again, concentrating upon the relationship to the â€Å"current fair value,† the individual standards set our prescribed rules and guidelines as to how each item contained within the financial statement should be measured and what will be recognised as an acceptable method. Meticulous attention is paid to the valuation of assets, which apart from the year of acquisition when cost can be used, should have been based upon current realisable value as certified from a reliable and expert source, unless there is a justifiable reason for not doing so. These measurement guidelines are also extended to debts, other liabilities and equity items contained in the financial statements. Requirements for presentation and disclosure in financial statements feature prominently within the IFRS standards. The presentation requirements in particular determine the way in which the financial data should be analysed within each segment of the corporation’s main financial statements and supporting notes. The purpose of this is to ensure that relevant information cannot be, either deliberately or inadvertently, concealed from interested stakeholders. For example, IAS 1.68 identifies the minimum requirement for information analysis in the business balance sheet, and there are similar instructions in IAS 1.81 that relate to the revenue statements, which identify how revenue, finance costs, and profit or loss distribution should be displayed. As indicated earlier, the IFR standards include numerous requirements in respect of the information that corporations are expected to disclose, as can be evidenced from the information checklist that has been prepared by Deloitte (2005), one of the â€Å"big four† auditing firms. In addition to all of the factors already discussed within this papers, further disclosures are expected to be made in relation to the how the business has complied with corporate governance rules and regulations and the assessment of risk. Despite the arguments that have arisen in various circles in respect of individual aspects of the IFRS system, it is generally accepted that they do provide a framework which, when fully implemented and adopted internationally, will be of benefit in relation to the globalisation of trade. A case study of the IFRS impact on a UK corporation The financial statement of every UK Corporation has been affected by the implementation of IFRS and it has impacted upon the resultant financial information. To provide an example of these changes British Telecom is being used as an example. The 2006 statements in support of this analysis are attached in the appendix of this paper. As is allowable under IFRS 1, BT has availed itself of some of the exemptions and exceptions that are provided for in the preparation of the accounts. The exceptions applicable in this case are defined as follows: Business combinations. Employee benefits Share payments Cumulative translation differences Financial Instruments In the main, these exceptions relate to the retrospective treatment of the above items together with other aspects of the treatment of these items at the date of transition. For example, IFRS 3 is not being applied in a retrospective manner to business combinations. Pages 111 and 112 of British Telecom’s annual report for 2006 outlines the major areas of change that have impacted on the financials: Equity. The most important change relates to the reduction in equity. Brought about mainly by the change in employee benefits and adjustment to leases, this has seen a reduction of  £3.9 billion. Profit. As can be seen from the pages referred to, there was little impact from IFRS on the returned profit earned by the business during the year, with the debit and credit amounts cancelling themselves out. Except for an addition of  £8 million. Under the UK GAAP system, firma were allowed to account for divided provisions within the profit and loss account. IFRS standards state that this should not be the case, and that the dividends can only be included within the year that they are payable, therefore these has been excluded. Assets and Liabilities. In terms of the Individual items heading, as can be seen, there have been a number of significant changes, for example with the reorganisation and re-evaluation of the various assets. However, overall the net reduction of the equity format of the balance sheet was only just over  £200 million. In terms of the cash flow statement, there has been no change to the cash flow that has been generated by the business during the year. In essence, this shows that whilst UK business have been concerned with the impact of IFRS, when one takes into account that all competitors are likewise affected, these changes make little or no difference to the market position of BT. Bibliography Whittington, Geoffrey (2005). The adoption of International Accounting Standards in the European Union. European Accounting Review, Vol. 14, issue 1, pages 127-153. Nobes, C. and Parker, R. (2006). Comparative International Accounting. 9th Edition. FT Prentice Hall. UK. Deloitte (2005). IFRS 7: A disclosure checklist. Retrieved 1 May 2007 from http://www.iasplus.com/fs/0510ifrs7checklist.pdf Gregoriou, Greg N and Gaber, Mohamed (2006). International Accounting: Standards, Regulations, Financial Reporting. Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. Oxford, UK. Blake, John and Amat, Oriol (1993). European Accounting. FT Prentice Hall. Perry Michelle (2005). IFRS – The Next Steps. Accountancy Age. London, UK. Flower, John (2004). European Financial Reporting: Adapting to a changing World. Palgrave Macmillan. London, UK. Bruce, Robert (2004). Setting a new standard. Financial Times. London, UK. IFRS (2007). Summary of reporting standards. IFRS. Delaware, US. Retrieved 1 May 2007 from http://www.iasb.org/NR/rdonlyres/8177F9A2-EB2F-45A3-BBF3-3DE7DCB13E1A/0/IFRS7.pdf Footnotes [1] International Financial Reporting Standards

Rainbow Boys Essay -- essays research papers fc

The question of sexual identity is asked to many professional athletes when they are first diagnosed with HIV or tested positive for the AIDS virus. Magic Johnson is a five time championship winner with the Los Angeles Lakers, awarded MVP three times, and played amongst the first nine Olympic All-Star teams (Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame). Despite these great achievements in his life, his contact with the HIV virus caused him to face much discrimination. Although Johnson’s source of the virus has been unknown, many people have â€Å"misconceptions of AIDS as an exclusively gay disease† and thought that Magic was homosexual because of his positive test (Stewart). During an interview with Arsenio Hall, immediately after admitting his infection, Magic was asked about his sexuality. In response to this question Magic responded that he was â€Å"far from being homosexual† (Stewart). Magic Johnson’s acknowledgment to contacting the virus lead many a ctivist to feel that his â€Å"disavowal of homosexual activity put a barrier between gay people with AIDS and everyone else, reinforcing the stereotype that gays ‘brought it on themselves’† (Kantrowitz). This idea that gays brought it on to themselves reinforces the discrimination that HIV positive and AIDS people face throughout their lives. The misconception that leads people to discriminate against HIV positive individuals assumes that all people who are infected are homosexual and causes one to lose his or her identity. Due to his pop...

Water: an Overlooked Essential Nutrient

Water: An Overlooked Essential Nutrient| Presented by: Your Name | Today I am discussing the importance of water to encourage this office to provide water as the main beverage choice in this office. Water maintains body temperature, maintains blood volume, blood pressure and supports all cell functions. (Cherif, et al. , 2010)Water is a valuable resource even in an office environment. You may not realize that an air-conditioned office is a very dry environment and will deplete your body of water. Working long hours can cause mild dehydration that will affect mental responses.The brain is 80% water. Loss of water will affect concentration and memory. Dehydration can cause headaches, tiredness and loss of concentration, affecting alertness. (European Hydration Institute)No other drink is as affective in hydrating the body like water. Gatorade and Powerade both have high levels of added sugar and salt. These should only be added to water for athletes, extreme heat situations or a sick p erson. | Daily Recommendations Experts vary on just how much water is required for daily hydration. The Institute of Medicine determined that an adequate intake (AI) for men is roughly 3 liters (about 13 cups) of total beverages a day. The AI for women is 2. 2 liters (about 9 cups) of total beverages a day.† However, most agree that eight 8 ounce glasses a day is an appropriate daily intake. ( Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER), 2011) Gatorade and Powerade are both sports drinks and they have no daily recommendation. They are designed for â€Å"critical fuel during relatively intense (more than 60% of maximal effort) exercise bouts lasting more than 1 hour. (Cherif, et al. , 2010, p. 299) Both Gatorade and Powerade have no evidence of providing a benefit to those who are not exercising. In fact the only affect they seem to have on an un-athletic person is weight gain. (p. 301) Nutrient Content The content of 8 ounces of bottled water includes 23. 7mg o f Calcium, 4. 7mg of Magnesium, 4. 7mg Sodium. Water contains no calories. Calcium and Magnesium are not only good for bone health but act as electrolytes to help regulate fluid balance and neuromuscular function.Sodium needs replaced in modest amounts because a lack of sodium will cause muscle cramps, nausea and possible other affects. Eight ounces of a sports drink has 78 calories. Sports drinks contain 95mg of Sodium, 15g of sugar, 19g of carbohydrates, 40mg of potassium, 24mg of phosphorus and 2. 4mg of calcium. Keep in mind that most sports drinks are in a 20 ounce bottle so most people consume almost three times the amounts I mentioned above. Varieties Water comes in bottles or out of the tap. Bottled water types include.Spring water is a natural source of water that springs from below the surface of the earth; Purified water is water that has been treated to remove the bacteria and dissolved solids removed by some process Mineral water is water that contains no less than 250 parts per million total dissolved solids. No minerals may be added to the water. Artesian water â€Å"comes from a well that taps a confined aquifer-a water-bearing underground layer of rock or sand-in which the water level is above the top of the aquifer. † Well water is from an underground water source. (Nestle Waters North America Inc. Gatorade The G2 series is bottled Gatorade with only 20 calories per ounce. Original G comes in 19 flavors. G Powder is just that powder that can be mixed with water and comes in four flavors. 01 Prime is in a pouch to drink before exercise. 03 Recover is in a bottle to drink after exercise. G Series Natural Thirst Quenchers are the newest and they are the same as the original but they have cane sugar and don’t have high fructose corn syrup. Powerade Powerade offers the original drink and the Powerade Zero with no calories. The flavors are; Grape Orange Lemon Lime Sour MelonFruit Punch Mountain Berry Blast White Cherry Strawberry Lemo nade Cost Water for a water cooler from Ice Mountain will cost $31. 96 a month for five 5 gallon bottles of water. Buying water bottles to stock a vending machine cost will vary according to how much you buy. One pallet has 1,728 bottles and will cost $779. This will be 45? each. Gatorade bottles come in a case of 24 20 oz. bottles for $15. 68. This is 78? a bottle. (www. samsclub. com) Powerade comes in 24 20 oz. bottles of $12. 48. This is 62? a bottle. (www. samsclub. com) Advantages of consumption WaterWater hydrates your body without all the added sugars and salts that may contribute to high blood pressure and obesity. According to the Mayo Clinic, water protects the bodies’ organs and tissue; it helps prevent constipation and lubricates joints. Water helps flush waste from the kidneys and liver. It helps dissolve minerals and nutrients for the body to use and it carries the nutrients and oxygen to cells. ( Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER), 2011 ) Water is essential to keep focused and on task at work. It is the best way to work at a law office that demands so much time and attention to details.Water will help prevent headaches often associated with sugar and caffeine. Sports Drinks I would be to ones advantage to drink a sports drink to restore electrolytes that are seriously depleted. This means that it is ideal for an athlete, someone laboring in heat or a sick person losing body fluids. Both Gatorade and Powerade have low calorie options. Gatorade has G2 that is a 20 calorie per serving solution and Powerade Zero has no calories. If a person is in need to restore electrolytes that water is not able to do, I believe the G2 is the better drink.The smaller amount of calories would be needed to help quickly restore electrolytes. Safety Choosing water means not having to worry about whether or not it is safe to drink. Only one problem is caused by water, Hyponatremia. , Hyponatremia is only cause by over consumption of water and it flushes too much sodium out of the body. The condition is extremely rare and hard to do. Sports drinks on the other hand do cause a safety concern. With the rising epidemic of obesity and diabetes everyone should be concerned about sugar intake. Calories should be mostly derived from food and rarely in our beverage.The high level of sodium is a concern as well. Sodium in high levels will cause high blood pressure and hypertension. In an office situation the ingredients have no chance of being burned off by the body. If sports drinks are chosen in an office environment the best one to pick is Powerade Zero. The sodium is still too high in this drink but at least the calories have been eliminated. In Conclusion I highly recommend that this office choose water as the beverage of choice for your employees and partners. Water is the obvious choice to keep everyone feeling their best and keeping focused on the work at hand.Water is the best choice when considering the overall heal th of this office. Not only will sports drinks contribute to high sugar and sodium levels but is will ultimately lead to high insurance and health costs for this company. Water is the inexpensive solution. As shown in the cost comparison per bottle water is less expensive. Finally, think about the message you want to send to this office and to guests who visit this office. If you want to make the health conscience decision water is the only choice. For clients who walk in the door that you don’t know their specific health condition water is a beverage everyone can say â€Å"yes† to.

The Wild Bunch (1969) essays

The Wild Bunch (1969) essays I rarely see Western films, so this time I decided to see a western film, The Wild Bunch for this film analysis. In my mind, western movies mean cowboy movies. I do not like that emphasis on the difference between right and wrong, focusing on action, so I always tried to keep my distance from western films. However, The Wild Bunch was pretty interesting and the story was different from my image. The style of the movies was pretty similar to western, but it is focus on drama between men. The beginning of the movie, I thought that the story was very simple like chasing between main character and a member of the group which he belonged. However, as the details of the reason why a member chasing the main character became clearer, I understood that the story was more complex and interesting. I thought that here were only two kinds of people, right or wrong, in western films, but as the plot develops, I did not understand which was right or which was wrong because characters behavior and backgrounds made me feel like everyone have a reason of their own for living and fighting. I felt that men in the movie tired to find the reason for importance of existence. In this movie, the main character and his members lined up in single file from left to right, I like these shots because these images showed their feeling of togetherness and bond of trust especially in the last scene. When they were going to rescue a member, a main character said Lets go and the other answered Why not? and they started walking side by abreast. It was one of my favorite scenes in this movie. The other my favorite was the gunfight in the last. Camera was focused on each and their deaths were shown in slow motion. We knew that die from a gunshot was happening in a flash, but because of slow motion, we could see their expressions carefully and the technique made their deaths more impressive. Also, continuation...

Carbon Family

Carbon Family Carbon Family The Carbon family is made up of five elements; carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead. This family is found in, group 14.Carbon the first in the family is the sixth most abundant element in the known Universe. Common carbon compounds include the gasses carbon dioxide and methane.Most carbon is taken from the ground in the form of coal and diamonds. Carbon has a very high melting point at 3500* C and a very high boiling point at 4827* C.Carbon's atomic mass is 12.0107 amu; it has six protons, neutrons and electrons.Carbon is classified as a non-metal.Carbon was known to the ancients, and its discoverer is unknown. Carbon is used for steel and filters. (Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Elements. com-Carbon.) Silicon, meaning "flint", is the second most abundant chemical compound in the Earth's crust. You may know it better as common beach sand. It is found in sand, quartz, rock crystal, amethyst, agate, jasper, and opal.English: Plot of the binding energy per nucleon fo...

The first essay Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The first essay - Movie Review Example le Citizen Cane demonstrates many technical innovations that would be seminal to the production of film, How Green was My Valley may be the better film taken overall – less influential, but more watchable and engaging in several ways. Citizen Kane is largely hailed as the best movie ever made, and eventually canonized repeatedly in the American Film Institute’s â€Å"100 Films† series. There are many ways that Citizen Kane deserves all of these accolades it was a remarkable film, popular in its time, but also very influential to later films. It was not, however, immediately recognized for the kind of praise that it now garners. And this rests on the fact that Citizen Kane was influential primarily due to its many technical advancements. The opening shot of the film, for instance, has a crane shot dipping through a window, depicting the dead body of Kane, was completely novel and then repeated quite frequently. The film also used deep focus, which provided the viewer with the foreground, midground and background were all sharp and viewable, which in some ways made the film more akin to what the eye sees naturally. For all of this technical brilliance, which was incredibly influential, however, Citize n Cane, as a film, has many failings. The audience never really connects with any of the characters such as the distant Kane or the detached reporter following up on his final words. The stakes are not very high – no one knows why â€Å"rosebud† might be of any importance. How Green was my Valley ¸ on the other hand, was not seminal in any ways. It was an entirely traditional 1940s film which had minimal influence on the techniques of film making. Yet as a film, a piece of entertainment, it may have been more successful. Its story is compelling and engaging – one actually feels close to its characters, and worry over their troubles. It has an emotional depth that Kane lacks, and one feels more like a friend seeing a neighbor in trouble watching it,

Emergency Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Emergency Communications - Essay Example The rationale underpinning the technique is known as the fragmentation criteria. (Daniel et al, 3) Fragmentation of goal is meant to near it in a phased manner. During execution some steps might have to be rethought and corrective measures incorporated. Crisis management plans in big chunks would hinder such rethought in terms of cost and execution. Fragmentation of goal, on the other hand would make stepping back easier so that missteps in furtherance can be prudently avoided. The effectiveness of goal oriented approach in adopting fragmentation is well conceptualized by Pernici in her engineering endeavor. Although she is concerned with purely engineering aspects of fragmentation, her ideas of goal-fragmentation is notable. In the book on Systems Engineering she puts forth how the collected knowledge of fragment method would contribute to project objectives. The knack to fragmentation techniques is also envisaged by her. She suggests, pre-constructed goal models for selected fragme nts that could be retrieved from a repository, merged and customized with situational factors and later evaluated qualitatively. (Pernici, 424). The nuances in her presentation may be engineering specific. But an overall conceptualization of her goal-fragmentation technique could be made use of in any arena including emergency communication planning. The most important aspect here to lay stress is that a deliberate skipping/omitting of ‘how to’ is necessary. Because, ‘how to achieve’ is purely the area of working crew. The mode of execution must be allowed to be selected and finalized by the working team by itself. For, emphasis of ‘how to’ by the planner will drastically reduce the speed of working team. Innovation in modalities by the work group would be obstructed. Instead of innovation, it will develop a sense of Damocles’ sword over the heads of working members. Such over- focus on the next command of ‘how’ will practically arrest the